The 20 Most Iconic Aotearoa Music Moments Of All Time

Written by dance-pianist Ruru Karaitiana and performed by Pixie Williams, “Blue Smoke” was the first song written by a New Zealander to be recorded and manufactured in New Zealand — and released on a New Zealand record label. Even better, it was a mega-hit, leading to over fifty thousand local sales and cover versions by Dean Martin and his peers. In a sense, “Blue Smoke” kick-started the New Zealand music industry on release in 1949.

As the story goes, Ruru Karaitiana, a member of the 28th Māori Battalion, wrote “Blue Smoke” in May 1940 while he was onboard the Aquitania troopship during the Second World War. His inspiration was a cloud of blue smoke drifting from the ship’s funnels. Over the following years, “Blue Smoke” became a regular singalong number in dance halls around Aotearoa. 

When Pixie Williams, a reluctant star from Wellington, recorded the version of “Blue Smoke” we know now with Ruru and his quintet, the song took on a new life. After it was released through Tanza Records, it captured imaginations here and abroad. Seventy-three years after it was released, “Blue Smoke”’s Hawaiian-style background music and Pixie’s yearning vocal continue to say something about longing and home.

It’s been over forty years since Bob Marley’s only New Zealand concert, and we’re still feeling the effects. Aotearoa’s love of reggae is well known, and its musical DNA informs many of our most popular artists, whether they’re outputting dub, hip hop, drum n bass or even chart-topping hits.

Tigilau Ness of the band Unity was in attendance, and got to briefly meet Marley, as did his five-year-old son Che, who would go on to become a landmark NZ artist under the name Che Fu. By that time Tigi had introduced sound system culture to the country through the Rastafarian church Twelve Tribes of Israel. 

Carl Perkins, Dilworth Karaka and Toni Fonoti from the iconic band Herbs were also there, as was Thompson Hohepa of Katchafire, and people who would go on to work in all tiers of the music and media industries. 

Marley’s visit was particularly resonant with Māori. Members of the Boot Hill community who had been evicted from the Orakei Marae were among those who travelled to his hotel, where he would often appear. The message he imparted has rippled through subsequent generations.

Recognised as Aotearoa’s first rap record, UHP’s “E Tū” mixed te reo Māori with the defiant sentiment of James Brown, producing an anthem for Indigenous youth that has stayed relevant to this day. Vocalist Dean Hapeta, AKA Te Kupu (The Word), promised to speak the truth, and in doing so, set the stage for generations of local hip hop talent.

So minimal that the beat doesn’t even have hi-hats, UHP recorded and produced ‘E Tū’ at Writhe Studios in Wellington, a recording space owned by the cult New Zealand noise-rock band, The Skeptics. Thanks to some D.I.Y ingenuity from DJ DLT, it even featured some early turntablism. As powerful as the music was, where ‘E Tū’ really sang was through songwriting inspired by Dean’s experience working for The Justice Department. During his tenure there, he worked on special projects asking Māori what they thought of the justice system; and the influence of Black American funk and hip hop artists like the aforementioned James Brown, Schoolly D and Brother D, and Collective Efforts. 

When ‘E Tū’ hit the radio and TV waves in 1988, it changed everything. Overnight, a generation of young minds were inspired to pick up the microphone and speak their truths.

When Pātea Māori Club released “Poi E” in late 1983, they brought together a te reo Māori waiata penned by the late great Māori linguist Ngoi Pēwhairangi, an infectious electro boogie instrumental, and a video that located the influence of US hip hop culture in a local, Indigenous context. Independently released, it eventually hit Number One on the Top Forty singles chart in 1984. “Poi E” was a triumph for Māori language music that took Dalvanius and Pātea Māori Club around the world. Close to four decades later, it’s the unofficial national anthem.

When Pātea Māori Club’s leader, the late Dalvanius Prime and Ngoi started writing ‘Poi E’ in 1982, Dalvanius had spent a decade performing overseas in the Australian entertainment industry. Returning home with a wealth of knowledge, he established his own label, Maui Records, which he envisioned as a “Māori Motown”. By working “Poi E” on their own terms, Dalvanius and Maui Records took it to the top of the local charts, before releasing a well-loved album of the same name in 1986. In the wake of “Poi E”’s success, Pātea Māori Club toured internationally, performing in the UK, France and America, taking their energy to the world. 

In 1995 an unlikely mix of elements – an acoustic strum, rap, a carnival theme – formed a Pacific pop song that would go on to top the charts in five countries and make Pauly Fuemana a global star. His distinctive delivery, impeccable style and ample charm made him an instant icon, and his legacy still looms large.

It was producer Alan Jansson who supplied the guitar and 808 booms, after working with Fuemana for the compilation Proud: An Urban-Pacific Streetsoul Compilation. That album saw the pairing of Paulie with his older Brother Phil, under the name Otara Millionaires Club – an ironic reference to one of Auckland’s poorest suburbs. 

By the time the name had been abbreviated, OMC was a partnership between Paulie and Jansson, and when they needed a hook (and eventual title) for their debut single, the former suggested the phrase he kept hearing the latter say. 

Sina Saipaia was enlisted to add vocals to the chorus, and NZ music history was made, the track going on to hit #1 in charts around the world, including America and the UK. Eventually the Australasian Performing Right Association would name it one of the greatest New Zealand songs of all time. 

Much has been written about the birth of Flying Nun in the early 1980s and the effect of its busy first decade, with acts like The Clean, Chris Knox, and The Bats resonating far outside NZ. In the years that followed, other independents followed suit, as Pagan Records emerged in the mid-Eighties, and Southside Records near the end of the decade. More followed, each introducing crucial artists to an expanding, multicultural scene.

The turn of the decade saw a growing interest in post-punk, led in part by Propeller Records, home to The Screaming Meemees and Blam Blam Blam. When Roger Shepherd founded Flying Nun and signed bands from Dunedin, it created a whole new style of indie pop, dubbed ‘the Dunedin sound’, which influences bands around the world to this day. 

Trevor Reekie’s Pagan meanwhile was a hotbed of talent, pioneering work by Shona Laing, Prince Tui Teka, Ardijah, and Bic Runga. Murray Cammick and Simon Lynch’s Southside was similarly diverse, including Moana and the Moa Hunters, Upper Hutt Posse, and Head Like a Hole among their roster. 

The template was set to think outside genre and focus on talent, setting the stage for a vibrant and growing number of local indies. 

In 1999 millions of people watched around the world as Hinewehi Mohi (Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāi Tūhoe), sang the New Zealand National Anthem in te reo Māori at the opening game of the Rugby World Cup, shocking fans and officials, and highlighting the lack of focus on the language within Aotearoa. 

Already a Platinum-selling artist, Mohi had grown up surrounded by te reo, and studied at Waikato University’s Māori department, under Sir Tīmoti Kāretu and Dr Hirini Melbourne. She’d asked to perform bilingually and was told to stick to one language, with the assumption it would be English. 

When she chose to sing ‘E Ihowā Atua’, she was unprepared for the backlash. She told the NZ Herald in 2021, “I found it enormously difficult to reconcile the degree of anger over it and it has kind of haunted me for two decades”.  

Subsequent years have seen a huge resurgence in the use of te reo, and hearing the anthem sung in Māori is now commonplace. Mohi’s choice that day played a big part in that change. She’s gone on to co-found Waiata / Anthems, an album and documentary series that sees popular artists translate and re-record their songs in te reo. 

Founded in 1972 by Tim Finn and Phil Judd, Split Enz had already achieved some success by the time Tim’s brother Neil joined the band in 1977 (replacing Judd). Their first two albums Mental Notes and Seconds Thoughts charted in NZ and Australia, and their penchant for theatricality was established.

The first album to feature Neil, 1977’s Dizrythmia, marked the start of their turn from art-rock to a more pop sound, continuing on ‘79’s Frenzy, which saw Neil starting to contribute songwriting. The change was cemented on 1980’s True Colours, their first major commercial success. Its single “I Got You” (written by Neil), hit Number One in NZ and Australia.    

Tim Finn’s solo career kicked off in 1983 with his Number One album Escapade, and he departed the band, leaving Neil to front Split Enz’ final effort, See Ya ‘Round. 

In the decades since, Tim’s solo career has continued, as has Neil’s. The brothers have also collaborated as a duo, and Tim has spent time in Neil’s outfit Crowded House. That band has sold over fifteen million albums worldwide, and has been inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. In 1993 the Finns received an OBE for their contributions to New Zealand music.

In the early 2000s, New Zealand experienced a golden run of local hip hop releases from genuine stars like Che Fu, King Kapisi, Nesian Mystik, The Deceptikonz, P-Money, Scribe, Savage, and Dei Hamo. The rise of Aotearoa hip hop was a long, slow burn, and when it finally exploded, it captivated the country like nothing else. Between 2001-2005, the energy and audience built at a feverish rate. The record sales and show attendance rates were unreal.

Although the era is often remembered for hit singles such as “Stand Up” and “Not Many – The Remix!” by Scribe, “Stop, Drop and Roll” by Mareko and Deceptikonz, and “We Gon Ride” by Dei Hamo, it’s well worth reminiscing over what else was going on at the time. Some of the most crucial albums from this period included Navigator by Che Fu, Savage Thoughts by King Kapisi, Polysaturated by Nesian Mystik, and The Crusader by Scribe. 

During these years, a generation of hard-working artists carved out a South Pacific hip hop sound and brought underground concerns into the very heart of the mainstream in Aotearoa. It didn’t stop there either, Scribe’s success in Australia was a remarkable thing to witness.