100 Greatest Bob Dylan Songs

“Oh, mama, can this really be the end?” Dylan moans over and over in this desperate seven-minute epic. Dylan drives the Nashville session pros through verse after verse of surreal blues imagery, and the band sounds inspired by the challenge. The mood is all sex, drugs, temptation and paranoia. Despite the poetic abstraction, Dylan delivers one of Blonde on Blonde‘s most sensual vocals.

Sinéad O’Connor: I was about 13 when my older brother Joseph brought home Slow Train Coming, and it just completely blew my mind. People say – and I hope it’s not true – that Dylan doesn’t stand by that record. It’s a staggering album for anyone to make, but especially him.

The song that killed me most was “Gotta Serve Somebody.” Living in a Catholic family in Ireland, the only religious music we had ever heard was just awful – so incredibly boring. For that song to come out in Ireland at that time was life-changing. He wasn’t giving a lecture. There was a sexuality, almost, in the sound of the guitar and the other instruments.

And the lyrics are brilliant – what he’s saying is that whatever you’re going to do with your life, you’re fucked if you don’t stand for something. I quite like that, as a lesson from a master teacher on how to be an artist and also, I suppose, on how to live your life. What he’s saying is, “Don’t just get into your bed and curl up under the covers. You have to get the fuck up.”

After seven years of Dylan songs that were wildly original, it was a shock to hear him plunge into straightforward Tin Pan Alley-style song structure, and even more of a shock to hear his hyperarticulate cowboy mouth murmuring lines like “Love is all there is, it makes the world go ’round.” Turns out he was great at straight-faced country rock, too: The song’s regretful lyrics suggest that it is an apologia for the sharp left turn Dylan’s career had taken, from the hard-touring, reluctant pop oracle to a clean-cut homebody who longed to be a part of the Nashville machine.

Dylan cut “I’ll Keep It With Mine” in 1965 but didn’t release it until years later – and has never played it live. That didn’t stop others from falling in love with the song, a ballad of friendship whose 1965 version features a sweet, plaintive vocal. “It’s hypnotic – just Dylan and piano,” says Cameron Crowe, “and his vocal is kind of heroic.” (The song has been covered by Judy Collins, Nico and Fairport Convention.) “Maybe it didn’t sound like a record to me,” said Dylan, talking about shelved recordings like “I’ll Keep It With Mine.” But he was still philosophical about this particular song’s appeal: “If people like it, they like it.”

This deliciously ambiguous hymn riffs on the opening line of “Joe Hill,” a folk standard about a labor organizer and songwriter who was executed (and probably framed) for a double murder. Dylan replaces folkie certainty with layered complexity: St. Augustine is a martyr, but the narrator places himself “amongst the ones/That put him out to death,” and it’s never clear if we should sympathize with Augustine or Dylan or anyone at all. What we do know for sure is Dylan’s tattered, slightly out-of-tune intensity. It’s an earnest gesture of faith in something that he doesn’t quite understand.

In 1975, Dylan took up the cause of Rubin “Hurricane” Carter, a black boxer serving a life sentence for a 1966 triple murder. “I recognized the fact that here was a brother,” Carter said of Dylan, who visited him in jail. Dylan would organize two benefit concerts, and with theater director Jacques Levy, he wrote “Hurricane,” a roaring declaration of the boxer’s innocence. The song opens like a film script (“Pistol shots ring out in the barroom night”), and ends more than eight minutes later with Carter in jail. The attention Dylan called to Carter helped win him a retrial, but he was convicted again. Then, in 1985, that conviction was overturned. In 1988, all murder charges against him were dropped.

“My Back Pages” was the sound of the greatest protest singer of the Sixties leaving politics behind – an alternately wistful and sneering ballad in which Dylan recalls his days as a political folkie and pokes fun at his former self-seriousness on the song’s chorus: “I was so much older then, I’m younger than that now.” Dylan promised a break with the past by calling the LP Another Side of Bob Dylan. “My Back Pages” was his statement of intent. “There aren’t any fingerpointing songs here,” Dylan said of the album. “I don’t want to write for people anymore. You know – be a spokesman.”

The song that announced a reborn Dylan, when he opened his debut electric set with it at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival, was in fact a folk song: a riff on the evil boss-man tune “Down on Penny’s Farm.” In its studio version, “Maggie” was a swinging country rocker, but the Newport take wasn’t so jolly. Over lacerating guitar, Dylan declared, “I try my best/To be just like I am/But everybody wants you/To be just like them.” His defiant tone later inspired Barack Obama, who cranked the song to steel himself during the 2008 election. “I’ve got probably 30 Dylan songs on my iPod,” he told Rolling Stone. “One of my favorites during the political season is ‘Maggie’s Farm.'”

Tom Morello: I may be the last person alive who still believes that Dylan sold out at Newport in 1965 when he went electric. The pressure was on to lead a movement, something he didn’t sign up for and wasn’t interested in. I think he missed an opportunity to see if there was a ceiling to what music could do to push forward radical politics. But he came close with “With God on Our Side.”

I never knew how politically radical Dylan was until I got The Times They Are A-Changin’. He was 22 but sounds like he’s 80, like this wizened guy who’s had a long life as a vigilante, croaking out songs of hard truth. But “With God on Our Side” is not some historical relic. It is a living exposé of war crimes, past, present and future. Dylan lays bare the hypocrisy of war and unmasks the whitewashing of our military ventures. He’s singing about the people who make war, profit by it, and the families that send children to die. “You don’t count the dead when God’s on your side,” he sings. “And you never ask questions when God’s on your side.” From shock-and-awe to Abu Ghraib to the morass in Afghanistan, those phrases can very much be applied to our exploits today.

“It’s a true story, but I changed the reporter’s view,” Dylan said of this chilling murder ballad. Dylan had read a story in Broadside, his favorite folk-music zine, about Hattie Carroll, a black hotel employee and a mother of nine from Baltimore, who died after she was allegedly struck by William Zantzinger, a white tobacco-farm owner. Zantzinger subsequently served six months in jail for manslaughter, though evidence later cast doubt on his guilt.
 Zantzinger is certainly guilty in “The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll,” a deceptively gentle-sounding song, in which Dylan tweaked some of the facts of the case while keeping the details thick and vivid (the murder weapon is “a cane that he twirled around his diamond ring finger”). The result was a compelling story-song that doubled as an indictment of racism and class division. “The pacing is punctuated by that lovely, lilting chorus,” says Tom Morello. “It feels like you’re walking toward her grave.”

Sara Dylan was in the studio the day her husband recorded “Isis.” Her presence was fitting: The song may well be an elaborate allegory of their marriage, separation and brief reunion – reimagined as the epic quest of a narrator who must trek through icy storms, scale pyramids and rob an ancient grave before winning back his runaway bride, the “mystical child” named Isis. Dylan wrote much of it in an all-night session with theater director Jacques Levy. He was so proud of the lyrics that he presented them to friends at the New York club the Other End. “Bob read the lyrics to a bunch of people sitting around the bar, and everybody responded,” said Levy. “Everyone gets hooked in that story.” Before long, an incendiary version of “Isis” became a mainstay of Dylan’s Rolling Thunder Revue. With his face painted white, Dylan would stalk the stage like a shaman, using only his voice, harmonica, hands and body to illustrate the song’s tall tale. It was the first time most fans had ever seen him perform in concert without a guitar.

The original version of this Blood on the Tracks centerpiece was a rueful acoustic ballad, but when Dylan rerecorded half of the album at the last minute in Minneapolis, the heavily rewritten “Idiot Wind” became one of his most scathing, frothing, furious songs – a rant against the woman he married and idiocy itself. “You’re an idiot, babe/It’s a wonder that you still know how to breathe,” goes the chorus, and that’s not even as harsh as it gets. Dylan makes sure he’s not spared from blame: “It’s a wonder we can even feed ourselves,” he sings in the last line. The live version on Hard Rain – performed with its apparent target, his soon-to-be ex-wife, in the audience – is crueler and even more gloriously raging. Dylan said of the song, “I didn’t feel that one was too personal, but I felt it seemed too personal. Which might be the same thing.”

The most ambitious song Dylan had written to date – a six-verse masterpiece in which a thunderstorm and its lightning flashes become a beacon that summons outlaws, outcasts, artists and “every hung-up person in the whole wide universe” – reportedly evolved out of a brief poem he’d written about John F. Kennedy’s assassination in late 1963. Dylan’s gift for internal rhyme and assonance flowered here, as did his knack for phrasemaking: “starry-eyed an’ laughing,” “midnight’s broken toll,” “chained an’ cheated by pursuit.” He first performed it in mid-February 1964, and recorded it that June for Another Side of Bob Dylan (after half a dozen false starts – it’s tough to keep that many lines straight). By the end of the year, he’d dropped “Chimes of Freedom” from his set, but other artists picked it up and ran: The Byrds recorded it for their first album in 1965, and Bruce Springsteen made it the title track of a 1988 EP.

Dylan famously kicked folk singer Phil Ochs out of a limousine for saying he didn’t like “Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?” In fact, it’s one of Dylan’s great diss tracks. A sequel of sorts to “Like a Rolling Stone,” the song distills its predecessor’s torrent of contempt down to a taut three and a half minutes of lean, tossed-off spite. The driving, no-frills style came courtesy of Levon and the Hawks, who were backing Dylan in the studio for the first time after playing only a handful of live shows with him. But like Ochs, the public wasn’t buying it: “Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?” fizzled at Number 58 on the Billboard charts.

Keith Richards: While the British Invasion was going on, Bob Dylan was the man who really pulled the American point of view back into focus. At the same time, he had been drawing on Anglo-Celtic folk songs, and that’s certainly true of “Girl From the North Country.” It’s got all the elements of beautiful folk writing without being pretentious.

In the lyrics and the melody, there is an absence of Bob’s later cutting edge. There’s none of that resentment. He recorded it again later with Johnny Cash, but I don’t think it’s a duo song. Bob got it right the first time.

In a way, I see “Girl From the North Country,” “Boots of Spanish Leather” and “To Ramona” as a trilogy. Is Ramona the girl from the north country? Is she the same chick who sends the boots of Spanish leather? There’s some connection between them. Also, the guitar picking is almost the same lick in “Boots of Spanish Leather” and “Girl From the North Country.” It’s like an extension of the same song.

Before he went electric and submitted himself to the discipline of a rhythm section, there was a beautiful flow in Bob’s songs that you only get with just a voice and a guitar. He can float across a bar or let certain notes hang, and it doesn’t matter because it all goes with the song.

He’s the most prolific writer: I think he’s written more songs than I’ve had hot dinners. So, Bob, just keep ’em coming! He’s an inspiration to us all, because he’s always trying to go somewhere new. I love the man – and I love that he rock & rolls too!

How did Dylan spend the Summer of Love? Holed up in a basement in upstate New York, making strange demos with his friends in the Band, singing this stoic warning about tough times ahead: “Strap yourself to the tree with roots/You ain’t goin’ nowhere.” The first time most people heard “You Ain’t Goin’ Nowhere” was in the Byrds’ straight country rendition on 1968’s Sweetheart of the Rodeo. Dylan released it later as one of the new tracks on his Greatest Hits Vol. II, turning it into a good-time banjo shuffle and adding a sly riposte to the Byrds’ Roger McGuinn: “Gonna see a movie called Gunga Din/Pack up your money, and pull up your tent, McGuinn.” The definitive Basement Tapes version is mysterious, doomy, yet somehow still festive. In an outtake, he sings it as a stoned lullaby, apparently addressed to his housemates: “Look here, dear soup, you’d best feed the cats/ The cats need feeding and you’re the one to do it.” He left the cats out of later versions, but kept the song’s playful spirit.

When people describe Dylan as the “spokesman of a generation,” they are thinking of the man best defined by “The Times They Are A-Changin’.” And while Dylan would later bluntly reject that title, he consciously sought it with this passionate anthem. A masterpiece of political songwriting, it addresses no specific issue and prescribes no concrete action, but simply observes a world in violent upheaval. (That the song was released just months after the assassination of John F. Kennedy only lent it more power.) Dylan sings in the voice of a bard or prophet, in cadences that are clearly biblical – in his words, “short, concise verses that piled up on each other in a hypnotic way.”

In his 1976 classic “Sara,” Dylan explained this song as a tribute to his first wife, whom he had secretly married just months before starting work on Blonde on Blonde. “Staying up for days in the Chelsea Hotel,” he sang wistfully, “writing ‘Sad-Eyed Lady of the Lowlands’ for you.” Like so many stories about Dylan’s past, the anecdote from “Sara” is both fascinating and mostly false. “Sad-Eyed Lady of the Lowlands” is indeed an ode to Sara Dylan, but he largely wrote it on the spot during the dead of night in a Nashville studio. While the session musicians he’d hired played cards, he sat down and wrote the sweetly surreal verses. “It started out as just a little thing,” Dylan said in 1969. “But I got carried away somewhere along the line.”

After eight hours of work, Dylan called the band members into the studio at 4 a.m. and gave them minimal instructions. They had no idea the song would keep going for 11 minutes – and they were stunned once more when, afterward, Dylan told them they had nailed it on the very first take.

“Masters of War” is Dylan’s angriest protest song. His starting point seems to be the fears of nuclear holocaust – but characteristically, Dylan took that common theme and gave it a crucial twist. Where typical anti-war songs might indict politicians or generals, Dylan’s target is the military-industrial complex itself: Greed drives the masters of war, not ideology. “Is your money that good?” Dylan spits out as he envisions a world awash in blood. “Will it buy you forgiveness?” The song ends with the singer calling out for the deaths of those bomb builders, promising to stand over their graves “till I’m sure that you’re dead.” “I don’t sing songs which hope people will die,” Dylan observed at the time. “But I couldn’t help it with this one.”

Always a fan of westerns (and outlaws of every stripe), Dylan wrote a handful of songs for Sam Peckinpah’s 1973 film, Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid. Jerry Fielding, a composer brought in to help Dylan with the music, described his reaction to hearing this heartbreaking sketch of a dying lawman: “It was shit. That was the end for me.” Dylan, of course, had the last laugh. “Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door” became a Number 12 hit and one of his most-covered songs. Musically, it’s also one of his simplest compositions – if you can play four easy chords and remember seven lines, you’ve got it down – which may be why, when a guest star shows up for the encore at a Dylan show, this is often the song that gets performed.

Lenny Kravitz: I first heard “Lay, Lady, Lay” when I was six or seven, riding around New York in the back seat of my parents’ old VW Bug, listening to WABC. It was the first Bob Dylan song I remember loving. Later, when I heard another one of his songs, I wondered, “Where’s that low, crooning voice?” He’s singing it in a very different voice from his normal one. I thought this guy sounded like that all the time!

It’s a very black song – very soulful and sensual. “Lay across my big brass bed” is a lyric you would expect to hear from Isaac Hayes. The beautiful thing about Dylan is that he is such a chameleon. He’s got so many characters inside of him, like a painter with limitless amounts of color. I love the vocal. I love the descending chord progression. I love the drum fills. It’s a simple, beautiful love song, and I love the whole feel of it.

Dylan recorded this folksy prayer twice with the Band – as a sparkling ballad version that closed Side One of Planet Waves, and a stomping country-rock take that kicked off Side Two. Lyrics like “May you have a strong foundation/When the winds of changes shift” are as universal and uplifting as Dylan has ever written; they also work as a blessing for a generation coming out of a post-Sixties cultural hangover. Dylan said he wrote it for his son Jesse; others see it as a nod to Neil Young, who scored a Number One hit in 1972 with “Heart of Gold.”

In 1962, Dylan was heartbroken after Suze Rotolo, his first serious girlfriend, left New York for an open-ended stay in Italy. Out of that pain came this classic breakup ballad, in which he reels from a desperate sense of abandonment to a sharp bitterness (“You just kinda wasted my precious time”). “It isn’t a love song,” he wrote in the liner notes to The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan. “It’s a statement that maybe you can say to make yourself feel better. It’s as if you were talking to yourself.” Dylan borrowed the song’s melody from folk singer Paul Clayton (who had himself adapted it from the earlier tune “Scarlet Ribbons for Her Hair”), later settling out of court when Clayton filed a claim against him. But a poultry supplier near Dylan and Rotolo’s former Greenwich Village apartment inspired one key image: “When your rooster crows at the break of dawn/Look out your window, and I’ll be gone.” As Rotolo recalled in her 2008 memoir, “When Bob and I stayed up all night … we heard the roosters crowing at the break of dawn.”

Sheryl Crow: I released “Mississippi” before Dylan did, on my album The Globe Sessions. It changed the whole record. There’s no fat in the song – every line has a purpose. He said that he liked every line of his songs to have the possibility of being the first line of a new song. That’s certainly the case with “Mississippi.” He gets very philosophical about aging, telling a story about redemption and resolution for the Everyman in a way that’s almost biblical: “Well, my ship’s been split to splinters and it’s sinkin’ fast/I’m drownin’ in the poison, got no future, got no past/But my heart is not weary, it’s light and it’s free.”

It’s Dylan writing like a short story writer, like Steinbeck or Mark Twain – creating a story, but making these classical, sweeping statements. “Mississippi” is our introduction to Dylan as somebody facing mortality with an upbeat attitude. Bob Dylan may have turned 70 a couple of years ago, but he never gets older to me. That’s what mythological characters are all about.

The song that first branded Dylan a prophet asks nine questions and answers none. Dylan claimed it took only 10 minutes to knock out this meditation on humanity’s inhumanity, a rewrite of the anti-slavery spiritual “No More Auction Block.” The version most people heard in 1963 wasn’t Dylan’s – it was Peter, Paul and Mary’s cover, which hit Number Two on the pop chart. But in any version, the words are so simple, it sounds like they’re handed down from the sky on stone tablets. “It’s absolutely wonderful writing,” says Merle Haggard. “It was timely then and is still timely today.”

“Infidels” producer-guitarist Mark Knopfler was reportedly shocked when Dylan cut this highlight from the album. Decades later, Dylan’s decision remains inscrutable: “Blind Willie McTell” is one of his few masterpieces from the early Eighties. Over blessedly spare instrumentation, he goes deep into the South of chain gangs, undertakers’ bells and “charcoal gypsy maidens.” It’s a chilling tribute to the real McTell, who, like Dylan, was known for his never-ending tours. “I was born a rambler,” the late singer once said. “I’m gonna ramble till I die.”

Dylan has written a lot of mean-spirited songs, but few are funnier or more cutting than this stomping tune about a dude who totally doesn’t get it – or even what there is to get. Dylan serves up baffling lines (“You should be made to wear earphones”), then mocks his baffled listeners for not being in on the joke. It’s also packed with homoerotic innuendo, from the naked man in the first verse to the sword swallower and the one-eyed midget who show up later on, maybe because nothing’s more certain to make straight-laced folks like Mr. Jones uncomfortable. Dylan has addressed the question of the real Mr. Jones’ identity many times over the years, but his most convincing answer came in 1985: “There were a lot of Mr. Joneses at that time … It was like, ‘Oh, man, here’s the thousandth Mr. Jones.'”

A kaleidoscopic evocation of chaos that can suggest anything from the Vietnam War to Dylan’s 1966 motorcycle crash, “This Wheel’s on Fire” is actually a song of lethal, disciplined fury. It is Dylan’s sneering promise – in his original 1967 Basement Tapes vocal – that the betrayal implied in the first two verses and made plain in the third (“You’re the one/That called on me to call on them/To get you your favors done”) will be avenged in full in the future. Compressing that wrath into tight, mocking cadence must have exhausted him; Dylan asked the Band’s Rick Danko to come up with the melody, a slow and forlorn thing that also managed to catch the despair of abandonment. “I was teaching myself to play piano,” Danko recalled. “Some music I had written just seemed to fit with Dylan’s lyrics.” “This Wheel’s on Fire” got a shot of adrenaline and a funky keyboard part (played on a repurposed telegraph key) when the Band recorded it for their 1968 debut album, Music From Big Pink. But the Byrds cut the definitive cover for their 1969 album, Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde: Clarence White’s searing fuzz guitar sounds like apocalypse arrived.

Lucinda Williams: I love the theme of this song: jealousy over artistic success. I’ve seen it happen. “You see me on the street, you always act surprised/You say, ‘How are you? Good luck!’ But you don’t mean it.” I discovered that when I tried to move back to Austin. I started there singing on the street in 1974, and then I tried to move back there later after I’d been in Los Angeles. It just didn’t work. Once we were playing somewhere, and I ran into a friend I knew from back in the day, another musician. I was getting back on the bus, and she wanted to hang out – she said, “Lucinda, sometimes I wish you weren’t famous.” What the hell is that supposed to mean? Jesus. But that’s exactly what “Positively 4th Street” is about. I love the way the song closes: “I wish that for just one time, you could stand inside my shoes/You’d know what a drag it is to see you.” Those lines feel so good to sing. I’ve heard that Dylan wrote the song when he started getting famous and he was still living in the Village in New York. Nobody wants to admit that that kind of stuff goes on, and of course nobody knows anything about what it’s really like to be Bob Dylan. There’s only one of him. And he’s so damn good at that.

In “Simple Twist of Fate,” Dylan looks at an idyllic relationship that fell apart for reasons neither party can control. People logically assumed he was singing about the breakup of his marriage to Sara, but his lyric notebook for Blood on the Tracks reveals a different story. Originally, the song had a subtitle, “4th Street Affair,” named for the apartment at 161 W. 4th St., where he lived with girlfriend Suze Rotolo shortly after arriving in New York. The narrator of the song has moved on to meaningless one-night stands (as Dylan surely had in early 1975), but his heart was more than 10 years in the past.

“I always felt like I’d started on it, always had been on it, and could go anywhere from it,” Dylan said of Highway 61, which runs from his native Minnesota down to New Orleans. Here, he proved just how far he could take it. Recorded in a marathon session that also spawned “Just Like Tom Thumb’s Blues,” “Ballad of a Thin Man” and “Queen Jane Approximately,” the galloping title track from 1965’s electric breakthrough Highway 61 Revisited is Dylan in frizzed-out jeremiad mode. He leads a series of star-crossed characters (most famously, God and Abraham) down to America’s “blues highway,” while spitting venom at a series of American hypocrisies (phony patriotism, crass commercialism). Session musician Al Kooper claimed he lent Dylan the police whistle that jarringly kicks off and closes the song, instructing him to use it instead of his harmonica. “A little variety for your album,” he told Dylan at the time. “Suits the lyric better.”

The American Dream, according to Dylan: “Twenty years of schooling and they put you on the day shift.” And that’s if you get lucky, kid. “Subterranean Homesick Blues” was his first electric blast, released as a single in March 1965 and crashing the Top 40. Dylan delivers a proto-rap barrage of one-liners sending up America’s mixed-up confusion. “Look out, kid/ You’re gonna get hit,” Dylan advises, on the run from cops, teachers, the army and even meteorologists. (Although the radical group the Weathermen took their name from the song anyway.)

“It’s not folk rock, it’s just instruments,” Dylan explained in 1965 to the Chicago Daily News. “I’ve been on too many other streets to just do that.” And with “Subterranean Homesick Blues,” he made America’s streets sound scarier – and more exciting – than ever.

Mick Jagger: “Desolation Row” is so simple musically – just three chords for 11 minutes, with minimal accompaniment – yet it’s so effective. There’s Dylan, a bassist and a session guitar player, Charlie McCoy, from Nashville, who adds a nice little counterpoint to the melody. After many listenings, his playing still sounds sweet; I like the slight Spanish tinge of it. But it doesn’t get in the way of what is obviously the main thing: the vocal and the lyrics.

Dylan’s delivery is recitative, almost deadpan, but he engages you. What’s wonderful is all these characters he inveighs on our imagination: Famous people surrealistically appear, some of them mythical and some of them real. The Phantom of the Opera. Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot. Cinderella. Bette Davis. Cain and Abel.

I love the bit about “Einstein, disguised as Robin Hood”: “You would not think to look at him, but he was famous long ago/For playing the electric violin on Desolation Row.” It’s a great image of Einstein – all his hair is jutting out, and he’s got the violin, which he used to play. Someone said “Desolation Row” is Dylan’s version of “The Waste Land.” I’m not sure if that’s true, but it’s a wonderful collection of imagery – a fantasy Bowery – that really gets your imagination working.

In the film Don’t Look Back, Dylan sits around his room in London’s posh Savoy Hotel, surrounded by hangers-on. Bored, he picks up an acoustic guitar and plays a new song he’s just written: “It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue.” He has an evil grin on his face; after the first two verses, it’s the only smile in the room – everyone else looks shattered. The party’s definitely over.

The song is his devastating farewell to innocence, kicking Baby Blue out into the street, whether that means the end of a friendship or his abandonment of the folk scene. After he was famously booed offstage for going electric at the Newport Folk Festival, and returned with an acoustic guitar, this is the song he chose to play as his hard-ass response.

It instantly became one of his most covered songs. But nobody’s ever sung “Strike another match, go start anew” with the menace of Dylan himself.

“It’s like one of the great Psalms of David,” Bono says about “Every Grain of Sand,” the spellbinding ballad from Shot of Love that concludes Dylan’s overtly Christian songwriting phase. Equal parts Blakean mysticism and biblical resonance, the song abandons the self-righteousness that plagued Dylan’s religious work to offer a desperate prayer for salvation. Shadowing Dylan on vocals is gospel great (and Dylan flame) Clydie King: “I get chills when I hear her just breathe,” Dylan said. “Every Grain of Sand” taps into a moving humility (“Sometimes I turn, there’s someone there, other times it’s only me,” he sings). As Bono puts it, “Dylan stops wailing against the world, turns on himself and is brought to his knees.”

Dylan later described “Every Grain of Sand” as “an inspired song that just came to me … I felt like I was just putting words down that were coming from somewhere else.”

“Visions of Johanna” is a tour de force, a breakthrough not only for the writer but for the very possibilities of songwriting. An extended, impressionistic account of a woozy New York City night, rich in pictorial detail and erotic longing, the five long verses zigzag between Dylan’s acute dissection of one woman, the tangible and available Louise, and his longing for an absent ideal. Johanna may not even be real. But she is an addiction. “It’s extraordinary,” Bono once said. “He writes this whole song seemingly about this one girl, with these remarkable descriptions of her, but this isn’t the girl who’s on his mind! It’s somebody else!”

Dylan’s masterpiece of obsession – written, ironically, shortly after his marriage in 1965 – was a passion in itself. He debuted the song in concert in December 1965, to an audience that included ex-paramour Joan Baez and poet Allen Ginsberg, then played it every night on the 1966 world tour – notably in the solo acoustic sets. A November ’65 attempt to cut an electric “Johanna” with the Hawks (under the explicitly bitter title “Seems Like a Freeze Out”) had run aground after 14 takes. The Hawks were still too much of a bar band; the song’s confessional complexity required poise as well as muscle.

In contrast, Dylan nailed “Johanna” on the first take in Nashville. The local session pros, supplemented by Robbie Robertson’s crying-treble guitar, brought the right unhurried empathy to Dylan’s vocal mood swings – from a whisper to a howl at the moon in the same verse – and unforgettable lyric images.

“I still sing that song every once in a while,” Dylan said in 1985. “It still stands up now as it did then. Maybe even more in some kind of weird way.”

David Crosby: As far as I can tell, the Byrds’ recording of “Mr. Tambourine Man” was the first time anyone put really good poetry on the radio. The Beatles hadn’t gotten to “Eleanor Rigby” or “A Day in the Life” – they were still writing, “Ooh, baby.” But Bob’s lyrics were exquisite. “To dance beneath the diamond sky with one hand waving free” – that was the line that got me. I think he was finding himself as a poet.

I had seen Bob at Gerde’s Folk City in New York years earlier. Everyone was talking about him. I thought, “Fuck, I can sing better than that. Why are they making all that fuss about him?” Then I started really listening. And I almost quit, right there. I think the Byrds were Bob’s best translators. Bob did not envision this song the way we did it. When he came to the studio where we were rehearsing and heard us do “Mr. Tambourine Man,” he was stoked. I think hearing our version was part of what made Dylan shift over to being a rocker. He thought, “Wait a minute, that’s my song,” and he heard how it could be different.

“I don’t know how I got to write those songs,” Dylan said in 2004, apropos of “It’s Alright, Ma.” “Try to sit down and write it. I did it once, and I can do other things now. But I can’t do that.”

Written in Woodstock in the summer of 1964, while his folk-scene compadres Joan Baez and Mimi and Richard Fariña were Dylan’s houseguests, “It’s Alright, Ma” is a transition from the politically minded lyrics that had briefly been Dylan’s stock in trade to a broader vision of “life, and life only”: Instead of pointing fingers at a particular flaw of culture, the song tears down the entire decrepit thing, declaring that all is vanity and hypocrisy and phony propaganda. On a purely technical level, “It’s Alright, Ma (I’m Only Bleeding)” is dazzling, with an incredibly complicated rhyme scheme and a melody that barrels along on two notes until the flourish at the end of each verse. The lyrics incorporate nods to Arthur Koestler (author of Darkness at Noon), the Book of Ecclesiastes and even Dylan’s beloved Elvis Presley (the title is just a hair shy of Presley’s line “That’s all right, now, Mama”). It’s always been a tricky song to sing – a snapshot of a moment in his development, a jewel that he’s lucky enough to own rather than a machine whose workings he understands. Talking about “It’s Alright, Ma” in 1980, he described the difficulty of getting “in touch with the person you were when you wrote the songs… But I can still sing it, and I’m glad I’ve written it.”

With its simple, evocative tale of a prisoner yearning for freedom, this rock hymn was part of a conscious effort by Dylan to move away from the sprawling imagery of his mid-Sixties masterpieces. “In ’68 [Dylan told] … me how he was writing shorter lines, with every line meaning something,” Allen Ginsberg once said. “From that time came some of the stuff … like ‘I Shall Be Released.’ … There was to be no wasted language.” The result was one of Dylan’s best-loved songs, first cut during the 1967 Basement Tapes sessions with the Band. The rough church of the organ and guitar frame Dylan’s urgent nasal prayer, until Richard Manuel’s keening harmony illuminates the chorus, like sunlight pouring through a stained-glass window. In the mid-Eighties, David Crosby sang that chorus to himself – “Any day now, any day now/I shall be released” – in his Texas prison cell, as he served nine months on drug and weapon charges. “I wrote it on the wall,” he recalls. “It took me hours. But I did it. And I remember taking heart from it.”

You could say that jokes and theft are the twin poles of Dylan’s art, and this 12-line masterpiece about a joker (who believes he’s being robbed) and a thief (who thinks everything’s a joke) penetrates to the core of his work. “Watchtower” is among Dylan’s most haunting tunes: Built around an austere arrangement and Dylan’s spooked croon, it starts like a ballad that’s going to go on for a long while. But as soon as the joker and the thief get their opening statements, the song ends with an ominous image – two riders approaching – leaving listeners to fill in the blanks.

Jimi Hendrix’s reading of “Watchtower” is one of the few Dylan covers that has permanently affected the way Dylan himself plays the song. Hendrix started recording his cover within weeks of John Wesley Harding’s release, fleshing out the song into something stunningly intense. “He played [my songs] the way I would have done them if I was him,” Dylan later said of Hendrix.

Dylan’s finest ballad is not a love song. “Just Like a Woman” is a complex portrait of adoration and disappointment, written as vengeance but sung as regret. Dylan never revealed a specific inspiration for the woman indicted. (Dylanologists often cite Andy Warhol’s star-crossed protégée Edie Sedgwick.) But the song is more about his own turbulent lessons in romance – the giving, taking and leaving. It is also Dylan’s first great country-rock performance. Dylan was making thunder and headlines onstage that year with the Hawks, but he cut this song with Nashville session cats who heard and heightened his tangle of rapture and despair. “There’s a lifetime of listening in these details,” songwriter Jimmy Webb said. “I still marvel at what an absolutely stunning piece of writing it is.”

“[This song] took me 10 years to live, and two years to write,” Dylan often said before playing “Tangled Up in Blue” in concert. His marriage was crumbling in 1974 as he wrote what would become the opener on Blood on the Tracks and his most personal examination of hurt and nostalgia. Dylan’s lyrical shifts in perspective, between confession and critique, and his acute references to the Sixties experience evoked a decade of utopian dreams and broken promise. His plaintive vocal and the fresh-air picking of the Minneapolis session players hearkened to an earlier pathos: the frank heartbreak and spiritual restoration in Appalachian balladry. Dylan has played this song many different ways live but rarely strays from the perfect crossroads of this recording, where emotional truths meet the everlasting comfort of the American folk song.

The greatest protest song by the greatest protest songwriter of his time: a seven-minute epic that warns against a coming apocalypse while cataloging horrific visions – gun-toting children, a tree dripping blood – with the wide-eyed fervor of John the Revelator. “Every line in it is actually the start of a whole song,” Dylan said at that time. “But when I wrote it, I thought I wouldn’t have enough time alive to write all those songs, so I put all I could into this one.”

The threat of nuclear war was in the air at the time, as other songs from the Freewheelin’ sessions – including “Talkin’ World War III Blues” and the anti-fallout-shelter rant “Let Me Die in My Footsteps” – make clear. But this rain was abstract rather than literal. “It’s not the fallout rain,” Dylan said. “I just mean some sort of end that’s just gotta happen.”

“A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall” – that “a-gonna” was the young Dylan’s Woody Guthrie fixation popping out again – began life as a poem, which Dylan likely banged out on a typewriter owned by his buddy (and fellow Greenwich Village dweller) Wavy Gravy. Dylan debuted the song at Carnegie Hall in September 1962, when he was part of a folk-heavy bill in which each act got 10 minutes: “Bob raised his hand and said, ‘What am I supposed to do? One of my songs is 10 minutes long,'” said Pete Seeger, the concert’s organizer.

“A Hard Rain” is the first public instance of Dylan grappling with the End of Days, a topic that would come to dominate his work. But the tumbling verses of “A Hard Rain” culminate not in catastrophe but in Dylan describing his task as an artist: to sing out against darkness wherever he sees it – to “tell it and think it and speak it and breathe it” until his lungs burst. “It’s beyond genius,” says the Grateful Dead’s Bob Weir. “I think the heavens opened and something channeled through him.”

Bono: That sneer – it’s something to behold. Elvis had a sneer, of course. And the Rolling Stones had a sneer that, if you note the title of the song, Bob wasn’t unaware of. But Bob Dylan’s sneer on “Like a Rolling Stone” turns the wine to vinegar.

It’s a black eye of a pop song. The verbal pugilism cracks open songwriting for a generation and leaves the listener on the canvas. “Rolling Stone” is the birth of an iconoclast that will give the rock era its greatest voice and vandal. This is Dylan as the Jeremiah of the heart. Having railed against the hypocrisies of the body politic, he starts to pick on enemies that are a little more familiar: the scene, high society, “pretty people” who think they’ve “got it made.” He hasn’t made it to his own hypocrisies – that would come later. But the “us” and “them” are not so clearly defined as earlier albums. Here he bares his teeth at the hipsters, the idea that you had a better value system if you were wearing the right pair of boots.

For some, the Sixties was a revolution. But there were others who were erecting a guillotine in Greenwich Village not for their political enemies, but rather for the squares. Bob was already turning on that idea, even as he best embodied it, with the corkscrew hair Jimi Hendrix imitated. The tumble of words, images, ire and spleen on “Rolling Stone” shape-shifts easily into music forms 10 or 20 years away, like punk, grunge or hip-hop. Looking at the character in the lyric, you ask, “How quickly could she have plunged from high society to ‘scrounging’ for her ‘next meal’?” Perhaps it is a glance into the future; perhaps it’s fiction, a screenplay distilled into one song.

It must have been hard to be or be around Dylan then; that unblinking eye was turning on everybody and everything. But the real mischief is in its ear-biting humor. “If you ain’t got nothing, you got nothing to lose” is the T-shirt. But the line that I like the best is “You never turned around to see the frowns on the jugglers and the clowns/When they all did tricks for you/You never understood that it ain’t no good/You shouldn’t let other people get your kicks for you.”

The playing on this track – by the likes of guitarist Mike Bloomfield and keyboardist Al Kooper – is so alive that it’s like you’re getting to see the paint splash the canvas. As is often the case with Bob in the studio, the musicians don’t fully know the song. It’s like the first touch. They’re getting to know it, and you can feel their joy of discovery as they’re experiencing it.
When the desire to communicate is met with an equal and opposite urge not to compromise in order to communicate is when everything happens with rock & roll. And that’s what Dylan achieved in “Rolling Stone.” I don’t particularly care who this song is about – though I’ve met a few people who have claimed it was about them (some who weren’t even born in 1965). The thrill for me was that “once upon a time,” a song this radical was a hit on the radio. The world was changed by somebody who cared enough about an unrequited love to write such a devastating put-down.
I love to hear a song that changes everything. That’s the reason I’m in a band: David Bowie’s “Heroes,” Arcade Fire’s “Rebellion (Lies),” Joy Division’s “Love Will Tear Us Apart,” Marvin Gaye’s “Sexual Healing,” Nirvana’s “Smells Like Teen Spirit,” Public Enemy’s “Fight the Power.” But at the top of this dysfunctional family tree sits the king of spitting fire himself, the juggler of beauty and truth, our own Willy Shakespeare in a polka-dot shirt. It’s why every songwriter after him carries his baggage and why this lowly Irish bard would proudly carry his luggage. Any day.